環境拓撲如下：MySQL-VIP：192.168.1.200  MySQL-master1：192.168.1.201  MySQL-master2：192.168.1.202   OS版本：CentOS 5.4  MySQL版本：5.0.89  Keepalived版本：1.1.20 一、MySQL master-master配置

1、修改MySQL配置文件

兩臺MySQL均如要開啟binlog日志功能，開啟方法：在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin選項

兩臺MySQL的server-ID不能一樣，默認情況下兩臺MySQL的serverID都是1，需將其中一臺修改為2即可

2、將192.168.1.201設為192.168.1.202的主服務器

在192.168.1.201上新建授權用戶

MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   MySQL> show master status;  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  | MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |   +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  1 row in set (0.00 sec) 在192.168.1.202上將192.168.1.201設為自己的主服務器

MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)   MySQL> start slave;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   MySQL> show slave status\G  *************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.201                  Master_User: replication                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374               Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master2-relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 235        Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374              Relay_Log_Space: 235              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0  1 row in set (0.00 sec) 3、將192.168.1.202設為192.168.1.201的主服務器

在192.168.1.202上新建授權用戶

MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   MySQL> show master status;  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  | MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |   +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+  1 row in set (0.00 sec) 在192.168.1.201上，將192.168.1.202設為自己的主服務器

MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)   MySQL> start slave;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   MySQL> show slave status\G  *************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.202                  Master_User: replication                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374               Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master1-relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 235        Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374              Relay_Log_Space: 235              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No          Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0  1 row in set (0.00 sec) 4、MySQL同步測試

如上述均正確配置，現在任何一臺MySQL上更新數據都會同步到另一臺MySQL，MySQL同步在此不再演示

二、keepalived安裝及配置

1、192.168.1.201服務器上keepalived安裝及配置

安裝keepalived

#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz  #cd keepalived-1.1.20  #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686  #make && make install 配置keepalived

我們自己在新建一個配置文件，默認情況下keepalived啟動時會去/etc/keepalived目錄下找配置文件

#mkdir /etc/keepalived  #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  ! Configuration File for keepalived  global_defs {       notification_email {       luwenju@live.cn       }       notification_email_from luwenju@live.cn       smtp_server 127.0.0.1       smtp_connect_timeout 30       router_id MySQL-ha       }   vrrp_instance VI_1 {       state BACKUP   #兩臺配置此處均是BACKUP       interface eth0       virtual_router_id 51       priority 100   #優先級，另一臺改為90       advert_int 1       nopreempt  #不搶占，只在優先級高的機器上設置即可，優先級低的機器不設置       authentication {       auth_type PASS       auth_pass 1111       }       virtual_ipaddress {       192.168.1.200       }       }   virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {       delay_loop 2   #每個2秒檢查一次real_server狀態       lb_algo wrr   #LVS算法       lb_kind DR    #LVS模式       persistence_timeout 60   #會話保持時間       protocol TCP       real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {       weight 3       notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh  #檢測到服務down后執行的腳本       TCP_CHECK {       connect_timeout 10    #連接超時時間       nb_get_retry 3       #重連次數       delay_before_retry 3   #重連間隔時間       connect_port 3306   #健康檢查端口       }       } 編寫檢測服務down后所要執行的腳本

#vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh  #!/bin/sh  pkill keepalived  #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 注：此腳本是上面配置文件notify_down選項所用到的，keepalived使用notify_down選項來檢查real_server的服務狀態，當發現real_server服務故障時，便觸發此腳本；我們可以看到，腳本就一個命令，通過pkill keepalived強制殺死keepalived進程，從而實現了MySQL故障自動轉移。另外，我們不用擔心兩個MySQL會同時提供數據更新操作，因為每臺MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本機MySQL的IP+VIP，而不是兩臺MySQL的IP+VIP

啟動keepalived

#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D  #ps -aux | grep keepalived 測試

找一臺局域網PC，然后去ping  MySQL的VIP，這時候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的

停止MySQL服務，看keepalived健康檢查程序是否會觸發我們編寫的腳本

2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安裝及配置

安裝keepalived

#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz  #cd keepalived-1.1.20  #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686  #make && make install 配置keepalived

這臺配置和上面基本一樣，但有三個地方不同：優先級為90、無搶占設置、real_server為本機IP

#mkdir /etc/keepalived  #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  ! Configuration File for keepalived  global_defs {       notification_email {       luwenju@live.cn       }       notification_email_from luwenju@live.cn       smtp_server 127.0.0.1       smtp_connect_timeout 30       router_id MySQL-ha       }   vrrp_instance VI_1 {       state BACKUP       interface eth0       virtual_router_id 51       priority 90       advert_int 1       authentication {       auth_type PASS       auth_pass 1111       }       virtual_ipaddress {       192.168.1.200       }       }   virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {       delay_loop 2       lb_algo wrr       lb_kind DR       persistence_timeout 60       protocol TCP       real_server 192.168.1.202 3306 {       weight 3       notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh       TCP_CHECK {       connect_timeout 10       nb_get_retry 3       delay_before_retry 3       connect_port 3306       }       } 編寫檢測服務down后所要執行的腳本

#vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh  #!/bin/sh  pkill keepalived  #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh   啟動keepalived  #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D  #ps -aux | grep keepalived 測試

停止MySQL服務，看keepalived健康檢查程序是否會觸發我們編寫的腳本

三、測試

MySQL遠程登錄測試

我們找一臺安裝有MySQL客戶端的windows，然后登錄VIP，看是否能登錄，在登錄之兩臺MySQL服務器都要授權允許從遠程登錄

MySQL> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   MySQL> flush privileges;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 使用客戶端登錄VIP測試

C:\MySQL\bin>MySQL.exe -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.200 -P3306  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.  Your MySQL connection id is 224  Server version: 5.0.89-log Source distribution   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.   MySQL> ● keepalived故障轉移測試

※在windows客戶端一直去ping  VIP，然后關閉192.168.1.201上的keepalived，正常情況下VIP就會切換到192.168.1.202上面去

※開啟192.168.1.201上的keepalived，關閉192.168.1.202上的keepalived，看是否能自動切換，正常情況下VIP又會屬于192.168.1.201

注：keepalived切換速度還是非常塊的，整個切換過程只需1-3秒

● MySQL故障轉移測試

※在192.168.1.201上關閉MySQL服務，看VIP是否會切換到192.168.1.202上

※開啟192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived，然后關閉192.168.1.202上的MySQL，看VIP是否會切換到192.168.1.201上

關鍵字：keepalived、構建、MySQL